Nissan Supply Chain Management - 829 Words

ANALYTICAL REPORT: EFFICIENT JIT SUPPLY CHAIN MANAGEMENT INTRODUCTION Nissan Motor Company Ltd is one of the biggest automobile manufacturing companies in the world. It ranked 5th number overall in automobile industry. It was founded by Mr Yoshike Aikawa in 1933 with the name Tobata Casting Ltd but in 1933 the name was changed to Nissan. It’s headquarter is in Japan. In 1962 it entered into European market. Currently, the company has net income more than $300 billion. Since Nissan adopted Just In Time (JIT) based supply system, the inventory levels being reduced from 12 to 2.5 days’ supply. The reduction on the number of days is significantly at 80%.. SUMMARY Nissan introduced a sustained and efficient Just In Time supply chain. JIT†¦show more content†¦The stock retained at the cross-dock is sufficient enough to supply the factory for the next 16 hours before the next arrival of the next supplier collection. iii. ‘Line-haul’ Deliveries The load will leave the cross-dock based on the delivery manifest in order to ensure they meet the required time. The drivers must follow the delivery manifest as they are liable for the correct time delivery and also the location of the delivery. In addition, the drivers must take off-loading and on-loading time as considerations to avoid any late deliveries. At the factory, there is a computerised load receipt system which will act as a proof that the factory already received their package. Furthermore, the computerised load receipt also identifies the re-usable packaging where the line-haul driver will bring along to cross dock. The packaging that being returned to cross-dock will be sent back to the suppliers during the supplier collection process which will be beneficial to reduce wastage and keep the environment clean. CONCLUSION As a conclusion, the operation based on the logistic scheme has helped Nissan to reduce their inventory levels from 12 to 2.5 and finally 0.7 days. The logistic scheme is also proven in reducing the total number of transportation vehicle travel and minimize fuel consumption. In a nutshell, cooperation from all parties are needed to ensure in the efficiency of the supplyShow MoreRelatedSupply Chain Management: Nissan Cogent Case Study2669 Words   |  11 Pages2012 - 2013 Maryam Ali Tahir SUPPLY CHAIN MANAGEMENT EARLY SUPPLIER INVOLVEMENT AND CODEVELOPMENT: NISSAN COGENT CASE STUDY SUPPLY CHAIN MANAGEMENT Table of Contents 1- INTRODUCTION ................................................................................................................................. 3 2- DISCUSSION....................................................................................................................................... 3 3- KEY THEORETICAL POINTSRead MoreCase Study : Japan s Supply Chain Of Nissan Essay1481 Words   |  6 Pagespotential costs and benefits of these actions. Responding to natural disasters was a major task Nissan faced in fiscal 2011 and came to be symbolic for its activities that year. Nissan is always seeking to strengthen its risk management systems in order to better prepare for natural disasters and other emergency situations. While maintaining close communication with its suppliers and each of its global bases, Nissan continue to work hard to minimize risk and keep going smoothl y as it goes (Shiga, 2012)Read MoreSupplier Development Nissan Cogent Case Essay2823 Words   |  12 Pagesï » ¿ TITLE PAGE SUPPLIER DEVELOPMENT: A NISSAN-COGENT CASE-STUDY (M25EKM) PRESENTED BY EMEKA ANTHONY EKPOKOBA 4664871 TABLE OF CONTENT. Introduction Chapter One: Supplier Development. 1.1: Definitions of Supplier development. 1.2: Organizational structures that support the Supplier development scheme. 1.3: Objectives of entering into a partnership with Suppliers 1.4: The role of Leadership in supporting Supplier Development. 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The case mainly focuses on Nissan, the impact of earthquake on the company and how it responded to the calamity. The company took various protective steps to achieve the momentum of business operations back along with making remarkable flow of income and generating fair revenues at the time of calamity to make situations normal. Q1. The case identifies several aspects of the Nissan response that were particularlyRead MoreNissan S Supply Chain2233 Words   |  9 Pages[pic] FACULTY OF ENGINEERING AND COMPUTING Module Assignment SUPPLY CHAIN MANAGEMENT M25EKM By Rama Venkata Naveen Reddy Karri STUDENT ID: 2891540 MODULE LEADER: Mr. Phil Southey YEAR 2009-2010 INDEX Read MoreNissan Cogent Case Study2103 Words   |  9 PagesSUPPLY CHAIN MANAGEMENT NISSAN COGENT CASE STUDY CONTENTS Page number 1. AIM 3 2. INTRODUCTION 3 3.1. Supply Chain 3. NISSAN-An Overview 4 4.2. Mission 4 4.3. SWOT analysis. 4 4. Evolution of COGENT 5 5. COMPARATIVE CASE STUDY 7-8 6.4. Toyota 7 6.5. Nissan 8 6.6. Honda Read MoreCase Study : Nissan Canada Inc.1548 Words   |  7 PagesNissan Canada Inc. Purpose This is a case study analysis on Nissan Canada Inc. (NCI) and its plan to move from a â€Å"make to stock† to a â€Å"make to order† process and the implementation of NCI’s Integrated Customer Ordering Network (ICON). Involved in the implementation of ICON, NCI is faced with several challenges in the conversion of its outdated ordering process to Manugistics, an Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) system. (Hunter, 2007) Through analyzing the information provided in the case, theRead MoreStrategic Sourcing Of A Supply Chain Management1271 Words   |  6 PagesResponsible Sourcing Before a supply chain manager can truly understand strategic sourcing, they must have a good working knowledge of the purchasing and procurement processes, which I will explain in detail later in my research. Strategic sourcing is an aspect of supply chain management that is becoming more prevalent in the business world. Without strategic sourcing a firm will not and cannot maximize the potential of its supply chain and altogether meet the company’s overall business goalsRead MoreImpact Of Downturn On The Fall Of Construction Output1466 Words   |  6 Pagessince 2008 has generally increased levels of competition and the ‘buying’ of turnover through the submission of low bids. This is especially relevant in capital intensive and high overhead businesses. These price pressures have flowed back up the supply chain, where price reviews have often been worse than the capacity to reduce cost from operations. In fact, there has been inflation exceeding cost incre ases in areas such as energy, which is a key cost line of some construction products manufacturers

The Imagination And Sexuality Sexual Relief - 863 Words

The Imagination and Sexuality: Sexual Relief The imagination is the first site of an individual’s existence. It is within the imagination that the individual, through consciousness and unconsciousness, comes to know his or her true self, including one’s desires. Sigmund Freud influenced the studies of psychology and psychoanalysis, defining the unconscious as, â€Å"the storehouse of instinctual desires and needs. Childhood wishes and memories live on in unconscious life, even if they have been erased from consciousness. The unconscious is, in a sense, the great waste-paper basket of the mind – the trash that never gets taken out: ‘in mental life nothing which has once been formed can perish -- †¦ everything is somehow preserved and †¦ in suitable circumstances †¦ it can once more be brought to light’ (Freud 1930: 256). Laura Mulvey beautifully expresses desire in, â€Å"Visual Pleasure and Narrative Cinema†, as, Desire, born with language, allows the possib ility of transcending the instinctual and the imaginary†, which may be understood as the imagination propelling forward with sexual desires (837). In many ways, poets of the Romantic Period, with the use of the imagination, reveal unconscious sexual desires through their writings. Much of this sexual drive triggered by repressed desires exists within Wordsworth’s poem, The Prelude. One may argue that these poets utilized the imagination as an instrument for relief from sexual desires. The imagination, one may say, is exceedinglyShow MoreRelatedImagination Of The Male By John Keats962 Words   |  4 Pagesimagination of the male, where she may perfectly exist displaying that she is property of the male. She does not have her own existence. She only exists within the imagination of the male. 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Attempt one at a sociology question: Why do homosexual people â€Å"come out† about their sexuality verses naturally progressing into their sexual identity? â€Å"So, it will be the nature of the question to which youRead MoreFunny Thing About Sociology : Time920 Words   |  4 Pagesover then checked for structure and sociologic imagination. The rewording may starts again with a few tweaks here and there. Finally, with a large sigh of relief the masterpiece is done, the question is asked. One will sit back and admire their question only to realize the real work is about to start. Attempt one at a sociology questions: Why do homosexual people â€Å"come out† about their sexuality verses naturally progressing into their sexual identity? â€Å"So, it will be the nature of the questionRead MoreThe Way Of The Ways1687 Words   |  7 PagesEarth, to contemporary photography. These drawings were produced by Giulio Romano, a student of Raphael, in the early 1520s and subsequently engraved and printed by Marcantonio Raimondi. They form a series of sixteen images depicting a variety of sexual positions practiced between heterosexual couples. None of the original drawings survive today, and the original engravings only survive in small fragments of prints, with an almost complete series remaining from a later copy in woodcut. While RomanoRead MoreFreud And The Czech Republic1159 Words   |  5 Pagespatients problems where of sexual desires. Also Freud was not open minded to over phycologist’s ideas nor towards his patients. However, with Freud’s stubbornness he managed to publish other great works. These works include The interpretation of Dreams, The Psychopathology of Everyday Life, and Three Essays on the Theory of Sexuality. Being that Freud had a poor social intelligence he had a hard time being listen to. 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Firstly, he â€Å"detects in Franciscos unexplained remark, For this relief much thanks, Tis bitter cold, / And I am sick at heart (I.i.8-9),(1) a foreshadowing of Prince Hamlets melancholy† (Doloff). Shakespeare created this character to indicate Hamlet’s prevalent sadness throughout the play. However, Shakespeare mayRead MoreEssay on Sexuality/Textuality in Tristram Shandy8792 Words   |  36 PagesRice University Sexuality/Textuality in Tristram Shandy Author(s): Dennis W. Allen Reviewed work(s): Source: Studies in English Literature, 1500-1900, Vol. 25, No. 3, Restoration and Eighteenth Century (Summer, 1985), pp. 651-670 Published by: Rice University Stable URL: http://www.jstor.org/stable/450501 . Accessed: 16/12/2012 06:30 Your use of the JSTOR archive indicates your acceptance of the Terms Conditions of Use, available at . http://www.jstor.org/page/info/about/policies/termsRead MoreThe Death Of The Storm By Kate Chopin1839 Words   |  8 PagesPope’s poem Eloisa to Abelard and Calixta from the short story The Storm by Kate Chopin both submit to situations that trigger socially unacceptable actions to take place. These acts of loyalty and disloyalty towards their spouses are merely human sexual desires and passion that have been socially, morally, and religiously repressed. Chopin implies that Calixta’s act of adultery was the reason for her happiness, and in turn her family’s happiness. On the other hand, as shown in Pope’s poem, the disapprovalRead MoreSmugging in the Square: Homosexuality as a Literary Device in James Joyces A Portrait of an Artist as a Young Man.3689 Words   |  15 Pagescreating a hero. Stephan rejects possible companion after companion yet ceaselessly alludes to his constant social isolation. On Stephan’s definition of normal, Garry Leonard has this to say, â€Å"Although Stephan strives for such a system, he also seeks relief from it, declaring all responses illegitimate except for a state he calls ‘esthetic stasis.’†(Leonard, 81) Joyce’s decision to create â€Å"such a system† within Stephan demonstrates Joyce’s choice to make Stephan unable to delineate from what is normal

Developing Capacity Portable Water Purifierâ€Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Disuses About The Developing Capacity Portable Water Purifier? Answer: Introduction This report reflects the key understanding on the issues and factors faced by promoters while developing capacity portable water purifier. This developed low cost, low capacity portable water purifier will be used to provide portable water to large population around the globe. However, two promoters John and Mike are facing several issues such as financial problems, handling factors and arrangement of employees and technicians. Throughout the time, company has phased life cycle stage problem of this developed portable water purifier product. The main problems in the development of life cycle stage of product of company are related to the newly sophisticated products offered by new entrants in market. However, with a view to reduce the complexity of business, company has decided to enter into sustainable joint venture. This SJV contract will mitigate all the issues and make the portable water purifier products backed by new technologies. Team members of company who will undertake Sustainable joint venture with Vic Solar Company Mike, John, Maria and Graham are the main persons who will enter into SJV What is Sustainable joint venture? It is observed that with the increasing ramified economic changes and threats posed by new entrants in the market, Sustainable solution Pvt ltd has been facing various problems and issues while selling capacity portable water purifier product in market. Furthermore, government has also shifted its inclination towards new entrants in the market. SJV is the joint venture which is made by sustainable solution PVT ltd with the Vic solar with a view to use its newly developed sophisticated technologies. This newly entered contracted named SJV will help capacity portable water purifier to come with effective level of services and mitigating possible high cost attached with the maximum retail price of the product in market (Hubrich, Tetlow, 2015). Issues faced by Sustainable Solution Pvt ltd and failure of SJV agreement in the market There are several problems faced by Sutinble solution Pvt ltd in the market after entering into contract with the Vic Solar Company. The main problem was related to breakthrough in 2011 in form of failure to meet the capacity as per the directions of government. In addition to this, SJV contract should have been resulted to 22% to 25% but to other unforeseen factors, the profit earned by company through SJV contract resulted to 16% which was very less as estimated. However, the project undertaken by companies under SJV contract went wrong right from the beginning and shown inability to supply 12,000 solar panel to the project deadline. This failure damaged the brand image of company and increased the overall finance cost. The amount of benefits received by company from the market is also eliminated and increased the overall cost of the products in the market (Hubrich, Tetlow, 2015). How and when it went wrong After evaluating all the factors, it could be considered that SJV contract with was beneficial one and could have shown high amount of profit if associated factors have taken into consideration in determined approach. The main problem was related to finance and money involved in project. There were several new entrants who were providing imitated solar products at very cheap rate in the market. It is considered that after entering into SJV contract, both companies promised to deliver 12,000 solar panel before deadline (Santamouris, 2016). These levels of failure destruct the functioning of organization and resulted to destruction of business. After that, with a view to comply with the requirement, SJV hurry in imported cheaper product and failed to meet the required capacity as per the standard. In addition to this, SJV negotiate the contract with the Vic solar to provide effective level of technologies to strengthen the solar power as per the required capacity (Hubrich, Tetlow, 201 5). Mitigation of issues faced by John and Mike in their developed capacity portable water purifier product In order to mitigate all the issues and problems faced by Sustainable solution put ltd, company will make proactive plans and implement forecasted planning and policies to make solar power work effective. It is further observed if company could mitigate the alliance problem and put cap on the failure to comply with the use of technologies then it may increase the success chances of new solar power contract. This time company has to evaluate all the variable factors and use of new technologies to overcome the solar power issues (Kandasamy, et al. 2014). Technical strength of Vic solar Vic solar has sophisticated technologies and installed plan which will increase the overall power supply in SJV contract for Sustainable private limited company (Mitragotri, Burke Langer, 2014). With the use of newly introduced Vic solar technologies, company could increase the overall profit of company by 20% in the market while supplying solar power. Vic solar has various joint ventures with other companies and its working experience will result to core competency in supply solar power with high capacity (O'Sullivan, et al, 2014). The formula and set functions Vic solar use in its supply chain management is highly secure and increase the effectiveness of users in using power supply of SJV in market (Saikku, et al. 2017). Other rivals are using low level of substance and factors which might be cheap but less effective as well (Ldeke-Freund, 2014). Source panel, plants and machines used by Vic solar is highly international plants and provide more effective result to clients in market as compared to other rivals. Assurance of Vic Solar It is considered that SJV failed in the market and also did not perform as per the required level of compliance program. The main problem was related to delivery of solar power supply in the market with in the deadline (Zhang, 2016). However, in order to mitigate these associated problems in determined approach, SJV will hire internal control department to mitigate the possible issues. It is observed that if SJV could increase its production process by 20% then it could deliver the promised products with the deadline. However, increased capacity of 20% could also enhance the overall capacity of SJV in the market and will result to delivery of determined solar power supply for clients. With the use of Vic Solar sophisticated and highly developed technologies, SJV will surely increase the efficiency and business functioning to provide more solar power to clients. In addition to this, these imported plants will also make these established products effective in market and increase the ov erall clients satisfaction in the solar market in determined approach. The technical experts of Vic Solar will showcase high level of core competency in generating solar power in the market (Keyhani, 2016). Financial situation of SJV SJV is the strategic alliance made between Sustainable solution pvt ltd and Vic solar company to increase the overall efficiency of the solar project. It is observed that due to unforeseen factors, company has failed to deliver the committed solar power to its clients within the set deadlines. In addition to this, the products and services sold by company in the market are also very costly which result to increase the overall turnover of company. SJV has also faced decreased in its overall profit by 10% which has destruct its financial capacity. Government and other authorities have also declined to deliver the funds and contributions to support the SJV solar functioning. However, with a view to strengthen the financial situation of company, company will have to raise its overall turnover and inject more money in organizations capital (Mathews, et al. 2016). Strategies to come out the financial mess VOI solar and other SJV both are facing financial problems due to its low level of turnover and non-effective solar power supply. In order to mitigate these issues, both VOI solar and SJV need to implement following strategies (Brand, et al. 2016). Injecting more capital in the financial structure of company Increasing the debt funding to reduce the overall cost of capital Hiring of financial management department to manage the finance in business. Maintain the legal department to comply with the legal and ethical issues in business SJV contract has faced the problem due to delay in working and delivering the VOI solar to clients. In addition to this, company has other issues which have decreased its overall profit to 16% and overall turnover. This level of decrease in profit will surely result to destruct the value creation of invested capital of company (Gayer, et al. 2016). Determining the price of new PPA in the market With the negative cash flow and increasing competition from the new entrants in business, company needs to fix price of new PPA to AUD $ .08 to .10/KWH. There will be following outcomes which will be faced by company in market if price of new PPP set to AUD $ .08 to .10/KWH (Memos, et al. 2017). Company could increase its overall profit by increasing the overall turnover. SJV at the price of new PPA to AUD $ .08 to .10/KWH will beat the competitions and rivals offering in solar power. SJV selling its solar power products of new PPA to AUD $ .08 to .10/KWH could increase its brand image and clients satisfaction in determined approach. Setting up of new financial management plan and corporate prepared plan with the collaboration of Vic Solar will increase the overall efficiency of solar power products in market. How to work on existing SJV to come out of financial stress It is observed that proposed SJV of company will increase the overall effectiveness of PPA and comply with the new rules and regulations of Ministry of New and Alternative Energy (MNAE). Changes in existing financial structure and implementing new strategic alliance will increase the overall efficiency of business (Shriver, et al. 2015). Road map for future of newly introduced It is observed that sustainable solution pvt ltd will have to deal with the pricing policies and other new offers made by rivals in the market. It is observed that power solar offer by company in market was accompanied with several issues such as not technically developed, delay in supply and having high cost of the products. It has shown that company needs to manage all these issues and factors in determined approach. However, financial problems and legal problems faced by company are managed by company by implementing separate legal and finance department. However, with a view to strengthen the financial situation of company, company should raise its overall turnover and inject more money in organizations capital. If company should undertake proper level Vic Solar sophisticated and highly developed technologies then efficiency and increased level of solar power to clients will be handled in determined approach. References Brand, L. A., Farnsworth, M. L., Meyers, J., Dickson, B. G., Grouios, C., Scheib, A. F., Scherer, R. D. (2016). Mitigation-driven translocation effects on temperature, condition, growth, and mortality of Mojave desert tortoise (Gopherus agassizii) in the face of solar energy development.Biological Conservation,200, 104-111. Gaier, J. R., Vangen, S., Abel, P., Agui, J., Buffington, J., Calle, C., ... Pirrotta, S. (2016). International Space Exploration Coordination Group Assessment of Technology Gaps for Dust Mitigation for the Global Exploration Roadmap. Hubrich, K., Tetlow, R. J. (2015). Financial stress and economic dynamics: The transmission of crises.Journal of Monetary Economics,70, 100-115. Kandasamy, N., Hardy, B., Page, L., Schaffner, M., Graggaber, J., Powlson, A. S., ... Coates, J. (2014). Cortisol shifts financial risk preferences.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences,111(9), 3608-3613. Keyhani, A. (2016).Design of smart power grid renewable energy systems. John Wiley Sons. Ldeke-Freund, F. (2014). BPs solar business model: A case study on BPs solar business case and its drivers.International Journal of Business Environment,6(3), 300-328. Mathews, N., Rao, N., Pattnaik, B., Prasad, G. S. (2016, December). Grid tied Roof top solar: Problems, learnings and solutions. InSustainable Green Buildings and Communities (SGBC), International Conference on(pp. 1-5). IEEE. Mehos, M., Turchi, C., Vidal, J., Wagner, M., Ma, Z., Ho, C., ... Kruizenga, A. (2017).Concentrating Solar Power Gen3 Demonstration Roadmap(No. NREL/TP-5500-67464). NREL (National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL), Golden, CO (United States)). Mitragotri, S., Burke, P. A., Langer, R. (2014). Overcoming the challenges in administering biopharmaceuticals: formulation and delivery strategies.Nature reviews. Drug discovery,13(9), 655. O'Sullivan, J., Rogers, A., Flynn, D., Smith, P., Mullane, A., O'Malley, M. (2014). Studying the maximum instantaneous non-synchronous generation in an island systemFrequency stability challenges in Ireland.IEEE Transactions on Power Systems,29(6), 2943-2951. Saikku, L., Tainio, P., Hildn, M., Antikainen, R., Leskinen, P., Koskela, S. (2017). Diffusion of solar electricity in the network of private actors as a strategic experiment to mitigate climate change.Journal of Cleaner Production,142, 2730-2740. Santamouris, M. (2016). Innovating to zero the building sector in Europe: Minimising the energy consumption, eradication of the energy poverty and mitigating the local climate change.Solar Energy,128, 61-94. Schrijver, C. J., Kauristie, K., Aylward, A. D., Denardini, C. M., Gibson, S. E., Glover, A., ... Jakowski, N. (2015). Understanding space weather to shield society: A global road map for 20152025 commissioned by COSPAR and ILWS.Advances in Space Research,55(12), 2745-2807. Zhang, S. (2016). Innovative business models and financing mechanisms for distributed solar PV (DSPV) deployment in China.Energy Policy,95, 458-467.

Spectrophotometric analysis of a penny free essay sample

Once we have gathered that information, we will use the results in the other two experiments. The purpose of the second experiment is to obtain a calibration curve based on different concentrations and absorptions. The purpose of the last experiment is to determine the copper content in a penny. Pennies minted in the United States no longer contain pure copper metal. This change was due to the fact that the cost of copper metal required to produce a penny was higher than the face value of the penny. Pennies now consist of a copper coating on a core that contains primarily zinc metal. The percentage of copper in a penny is now about 2. 5% We will also be dealing with complex ions. Complex ions are formed by the bonding of a metal atom to two or more ligands by coordinate covalent bonds. A ligand is a neutral molecule attached to the central metal ion in a complex ion. We will write a custom essay sample on Spectrophotometric analysis of a penny or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page In the simplest term, complex ion has a metal ion at its center with a number of other molecules or ions surrounding it. Many of these are highly colored due to their ability to absorb light in the visible region of the electromagnetic spectrum. In the first experiment, we will first dissolve a penny in a concentrated solution of nitric acid, HNO3. In aqueous solution, most of the first-row transition metals form octahedral complex ions with water as their ligands as shown for copper: Cu(s) + 4 HNO3(aq) + 4 H2O(l) Cu(H2O)62+(aq) + 2 NO2(g) + 2 NO3-(aq) Once our penny has been dissolved, we will then convert the aquated copper complex ions to their tetraamine complex ions : Cu(H2O)62+(aq) + 4 NH3(aq) Cu(NH3)42+(aq) + 6 H2O(l) We will then be allowed to detect the presence of Cu(NH3)42+ ion by its characteristic deep-blue color, and you can measure its intensity with a spectrophotometer as a way to determine the percentage of copper in a penny. Since copper is a transitional metal, it has colored compounds due their partially filled d orbitals. To better explain how the blue color is emitted, a white light hits a transition metal compound and a certain color of radiation is absorbed. The absorption of energy excites the electrons and splits up the electrons in the d orbitals. This is called the splitting of the d orbitals. As we learned in a previous lab called electromagnetic spectrum, the electrons are unstable at their excited state so they must come back down to their original state. When the electrons go back to their original state, they release the energy absorbed as light. Since copper absorbs yellow radiation, the color it emits is commentary to the radiation color. In this case, since blue is opposite from yellow on the color wheel, blue will be the color visible to the human eye. To do this part of the experiment, we must construct a calibration curve that relates the measured absorbance, A, to known concentrations of Cu(NH3)42+ ion using the Beer-Lambert Law: A = a? b? c The Beer–Lambert law, also known as Beers law or the Lambert–Beer law or the Beer–Lambert–Bouguer law (named after August Beer, Johann Heinrich Lambert, and Pierre Bouguer) relates the absorption of light to the properties of the material through which the light is travelling. It is the linear relationship between absorbance and concentration of an absorber of electromagnetic radiation. The law states that there is a logarithmic dependence between the transmission of light through a substance and the product of the absorption coefficient of the substance, and the distance the light travels through the material. In simplest terms, Beer’s Law is a physical law stating that the quantity of light absorbed by a substance dissolved in a non-absorbing solvent is directly proportional to the concentration of the substance and the path length of the light. In order to get a calibration curve, you will need to plot your points and get the best fit line. This will give you a slope. The slope is the molar absorptivity constant because it is related to absorbance and concentration. When you plot five concentrations and absorbance readings, you can determine the molar absorptivity constant. The calibration curve will allow us to solve for x using the given Beer’s Law formula. In this experiment, we will be using percent yields instead of theoretical yields. A percent yield is the end results you get after preforming an experiment. The method to find the percent error is to subtract the theoretical yield from the experimental yield and divide your answer by the theoretical yield and multiply by 100%. This will be used to calculate how much copper was in the penny we are dissolving. % error = | your result accepted value | x 100 % accepted value Procedure: As stated in the lab manual 1. Obtain a penny minted, and RECORD the physical properties mass, thickness, diameter, year minted, city minted (D or P), appearance of penny) in your data table. Place your penny in a 100 mL or 150 mL beaker and label the beaker; and obtain a watch glass to rest on top of the beaker. 2. In the fume hood you will measure out 20 mL of 8 M HNO3 in a graduated cylinder and add it to the beaker containing the penny. Cover the beaker with the watch glass. The reaction of the copper and zinc metals in the penny with HNO3 is quite vigorous so you will not need to stir the reaction. RECORD your observations of the reaction, and allow the reaction to go to completion in the fume hood. 3. Fill a 100 mL volumetric flask approximately half way with distilled water. In the fume hood, add your HNO3 – penny solution. Add distilled water to the mark, cover the flask and invert several times to mix. 4. Obtain a clean 10 mL volumetric flask, and using a 1 mL volumetric pipet, transfer 0. 80 mL of the penny solution. 5. In the fume hood, add about 0.8 mL of 15 M NH3 carefully from the buret until the light-blue precipitate that initially forms dissolves and a deep-blue solution results. Then, fill the flask to the mark with distilled water, cover and invert several times to mix. 6. Using the same procedure you did for the standard solutions, measure the absorbance of the solution. 7. Repeat steps 16 through 19 two more times. These results f rom each trial should be very close to each other. Record these values in your data table. 8. Discard the remaining solutions in the labeled waste container in the fume hood. Rinse the flasks with small portions of tap water and discard the rinses. Data: Part I Wavelength (nm) Absorption (A) Wavelength (nm) Absorption (A) 440 .45 580 1. 350 3 .100 600 1. 420 480 .226 620 1. 440 500 .400 640 1. 360 520 .628 660 1. 230 540 .925 680 1. 100 560 1. 170 700 .955 Wavelength with maximum absorbance on spectrophotometer (nm) 620 Part II Concentration of copper (II) nitrate solution (M) Wavelength setting on the spectrophotometer (nm) Flask mL 0. 40 M Cu2+ Distilled H2O (mL) Concentration Absorbance of Cu(NH3)42+ 1 .2 9 .004m .282 2 .4 9. 2 .008m.528 3 .6 9. 4 .012m .825 4 .8 9. 6 .016m 1. 090 5 1. 0 9. 8 .02m 1. 380 Properties of the penny Mass (g) Thickness (nm) Diameter (nm) 2. 502 g 1. 1 nm 19. 02 nm Year City 1984 Denver Trial Absorbance Average Absorbance 1 .106 .092 2 .079 3 .092 Appearance of reacted penny/ammonia solution: The appearance of the penny that reacted with the ammonia solution went from a brown copper color to a blue/green color. While it was d issolving, there brown smoke like gas forming at the top of the lid. The bottom of the flask also got very hot to the touch. Data Analysis: 1. Plot absorbance (y-axis) versus the concentration of the Cu(NH3)42+ ion from part II. Add a best fit line (trend line) and determine the slope of the line. Print the graph in â€Å"portrait† orientation and attach as page 2. Show that the slope of the line is equal to the molar absorptivity, a, of the Cu(NH3)42+ ion at this wavelength. Include proper units. Slope: 65. 94 concentration/absorbance 2. From the average absorbance of your penny samples, and the line equation from your standard curve, calculate the concentration of the Cu(NH3)42+ ion in your sample from the penny. The ammonia molecules attach slowly, and in between each attachment, there is a chemical equilibrium. The more ammonia is added, the more complex is formed, as the equilibrium is pushed to the product side. The blue color is the result of the complex absorbing light in the visible light spectrum, and having a concentration high enough for the eyes to detect. 7. If the atomic radius of a copper atom is 1. 28 x 10-8 cm, how many atoms thick is the copper coating on your penny? R = 1. 28 x 10^-8 cm (2) = d = 2. 56 x 10^-8 cm Thickness in atoms = 9. 11 x 10^-4 cm/ 2. 56 x 10^-8 = 35623. 8 atoms Error Analysis: 8. What assumptions were made in the experiment and in the calculations? We assumed that the reaction would go to completion and that we would get a close to accurate calculation. 9. Research the actual percent copper in a penny. Calculate your percent error for the percent of copper in the penny. Comment on any significant sources of error. l1. 8-2. 5/2. 5l x 100%=28% error Conclusion: Up to mid-1982, cents were about 98% copper. Since our penny was made in 1984, it had a low percentage of copper contained in it. The rest was made out of tin and/ or zinc depending on the year of issue. In the middle of 1982 the price of copper shot up so the mint changed to coin’s composition to pure zinc core with a plating of copper so that the color would be identical to prior issues. The copper plating makes up about 2. 5% of the coin’s weight. Since our copper came to 1. 9%, we concluded that the experiment was done correctly minus a few errors. Discussion: Our experiment went really well considering our copper percentage was close to that of the actual percentage. Although we had a 28% error, it could have been accounted for during the experiment. There was a possibility that we did not measure our penny accurately or that we did not let the reaction go to 100% completion. Overall our data was sufficient and our results proved we performed the experiment correctly. Questions: N/A MSDS: Chemical Names: Nitric acid Formula: HNO3 Molecular Wt: 63. 01 Clear, colourless or yellowish liquid with an acrid, suffocating odour. Hygroscopic. Will not burn. During a fire, nitric acid decomposes with the release of corrosive nitrogen oxide gases. Closed containers may develop pressure on prolonged exposure to heat. STRONG OXIDIZER. Contact with combustible and easily oxidizable materials may result in fire and/or explosion. Highly reactive. May react violently or explosively and/or ignite spontaneously with many organic and inorganic chemicals. Releases extremely flammable hydrogen gas on contact with many metals, particularly in powered form. Generates heat when mixed with water. Nitric acid poses a very serious inhalation hazard. Symptoms of exposure include dryness of the nose and throat, cough, chest pain, shortness of breath and difficulty breathing. Causes lung injury-effects may be delayed. CORROSIVE to the eyes, skin and respiratory tract. Causes severe burns. May cause permanent eye injury or blindness and permanent scarring. Chemical Name: Ammonia, Anhydrous Synonyms: Ammonia Formula: NH3 MOL. WT. : 17. 03(NH3) Ammonia is an irritant and corrosive to the skin, eyes, respiratory tract and mucous membranes. May cause severe burns to the eyes, lungs and skin. Skin and respiratory related diseases could be aggravated by exposure. Additional References: Spectrophotometric Analysis of A Penny Lab http://www2. volstate. edu/chem/1110/CopperClad. htm Clark, J. (2003). An introduction to complex metal ions. Retrieved from http://www. chemguide. co. uk/inorganic/complexions/whatis. html

Biography of Elena Kagan

Biography of Elena Kagan Elena Kagan is one of nine  U.S. Supreme Court justices,  and only the fourth woman to hold a position on the nations highest court since its first session in 1790. She was nominated to the court in 2010 by then-President Barack Obama, who described her as  Ã¢â‚¬Å"one of the nation’s foremost legal minds.† The U.S. Senate confirmed her nomination later that year, making her the 112th justice to serve on the Supreme Court. Kagan replaced Justice John Paul Stevens, who had retired after 35 years on the court. Education Hunter College High School  in Manhattan, New York, class of 1977.Princeton University in Princeton, New Jersey; she earned  a bachelors degree in history in 1981.Worcester College in Oxford, England; she earned a  master’s degree in philosophy in 1983.Harvard University Law School; she earned a law degree in 1986. Career in Academia, Politics and Law Before she took a seat on the Supreme Court, Kagan worked as a professor, an attorney in private practice and as solicitor general of the United States. She was the first woman to supervise the office that handles litigation for the federal government before the Supreme Court.   Here are Kagans career highlights 1986 to 1987: Law clerk for  Judge Abner Mikva of the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Washington, D.C., Circuit.1988: Law clerk to U.S. Supreme Court Justice  Thurgood Marshall, the first African-American to serve on the court.1989 to 1991: Associate attorney in the powerful Washington, D.C., law firm of Williams Connolly, which was co-founded by  Edward Bennett Williams, the legendary trial lawyer who represented the likes of John Hinckley Jr., Frank Sinatra, Hugh Hefner, Jimmy Hoffa and Joseph McCarthy.1991 to 1995: Assistant professor of law, then tenured professor of law, at the  University of Chicago  Law School.1995 to 1996: Associate counsel to President Bill Clinton.1997 to 1999: Deputy assistant to the president for domestic policy, and deputy director of the Domestic Policy Council under Clinton.1999 to 2001: Visiting professor of law at Harvard Law School.2001: Professor of law at  Harvard Law School, teaching  administrative law, constitutional law, civil pro cedure, and separation of powers theory. 2003 to 2009:  Dean of the Harvard Law School. 2009 to 2010: Solicitor general under President Barack Obama.2010 to current: Associated justice of the Supreme Court. Controversies Kagans tenure on the Supreme Court has been relatively free of controversy. Yes, even Supreme Court justice invite scrutiny; ask Justice Clarence Thomas, whose absolute silence during almost seven years of oral arguments baffled court observers, legal scholars and journalists. Justice Samuel Alito, one of the most conservative voices on the court,  has openly criticized his fellow members, particularly following the courts  landmark decision on same-sex marriage. And the late Justice Antonin Scalia, who was famous for his unrestrained opinions, once said homosexuality should be a crime. The biggest dustup surrounding Kagan was a request for her to recuse herself from consideration of a challenge to Obamas health care law, the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act, or Obamacare for short. Kagans office of solicitor general under Obama had been on record as supporting the act in a legal proceeding. A group called Freedom Watch challenged Kagans judicial independence. The court declined to entertain the allegation. Kagans liberal personal beliefs and style of writing also came back to haunt her during her confirmation hearings. Conservative Republicans accused her of being unable to set aside her biases. In her memos to Justice Marshall as well as her work for Clinton, Kagan consistently wrote from her own perspective, prefacing her advice with I think and I believe and distinguishing her opinions from other members of Clintons White House team or from the presidents own opinions, said  Carrie Severino of the Conservative Judicial Crisis Network. Alabama Sen.  Jeff Sessions, a conservative Republican who would later serve in Donald Trumps administration, said: A troubling pattern has already emerged in Ms. Kagans record. Throughout her career, she has demonstrated a willingness to make legal decisions based not on the law but instead on her very liberal politics. As dean of the Harvard Law School, Kagan drew fire for her objection to having  military recruiters on campus because she believed the federal government policy that banned  openly gay individuals from serving in the military violated the universitys  anti-discrimination policy. Personal Life Kagan was born and raised in New York City; her mother was a school teacher and her father was an attorney. She is unmarried and has no children. 5 Important Quotes Kagan has not granted interviews with the news media, so court observers are left to scour her opinions, briefs and testimony during her confirmation hearings. Here are some select quotes on key issues. Sometimes you read these opinions and you think they must hate each other. Its just not true.  We have enormous respect for each other and a feeling that we are all operating in good faith. ... If you take this stuff personally, this is going to be a long life tenure. - Kagan speaking about the collegiality among the justices and the court, which she described as in some ways, the most intimate, warmest institution Ive participated in.â€Å"If you confirm me, you’ll be getting Justice Kagan. You won’t get Justice Marshall.† - Kagan defending herself against claims from Republican U.S. senators that she was a legal progressive, or judicial activist, during her confirmation hearings.The Supreme Court, of course, has the responsibility of ensuring that our government never oversteps its proper bounds or violates the rights of individuals. But the Court must also recognize the limits on itself and respect the choices made by the American people. - Kagan, explaining her philosophy of judicial restraint. All I can say about that paper is that it is dangerous to write papers about the law before youve spent a day in law school. I wrote that paper before I spent a day in law school. I was trying to think about whether to go to law school and I decided to write a paper about law in order to figure out whether I was interested in the subject... So I would just ask you to recognize that I didnt know a whole lot of law. - Kagan telling lawmakers to ignore a paper she wrote about justice who mold and steer the law.It means  Id have to get my hair done more often, Sen. Specter. Kagan replying to U.S. Sen. Arlen Specters question about allowing television cameras in U.S. Supreme Court arguments..

Information mangment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Information mangment - Essay Example According to Nonaka, Krogh and Voelpel (2006), â€Å"organizational knowledge creation is the process of making available and amplifying knowledge created by individuals as well as crystallizing and connecting it with an organization’s knowledge system.† Studies have shown that creation of knowledge, retention as well as managing it is very important for the survival of the organization during the contemporary period as we move towards a digital economy (Alavi & Leidner, 2001). One way of generating knowledge in an organization is achieved through the use of learning. Learning in an organisation is particularly concerned with creating, acquiring and transforming knowledge and transforming this knowledge to improve the overall performance of the employees and the organization as a whole (Andriopoulos & Dawson 2009). Knowledge may be explicit and/or tacit, individual and/or collective. Basically, explicit knowledge refers to details of processes that have been codified an d it often acts as a manual to deal with certain queries or problems in the organization while tacit knowledge is knowledge of experience (Polanyi, 1983). In as far as tacit knowledge is concerned so the person concerned uses his or her experience to deal with a certain problem. As noted above, knowledge is a business asset given that much of organizations’ value mainly depends on their capacity to create and generate knowledge which can be used to transform the operations of the organization during changing period. It is important for an organization to create knowledge and transfer it to other employees since this can help the whole organization. As illustrated in the model of knowledge creation and diffusion illustrated above, it can be seen that there are various techniques that can be used to transfer knowledge from one person to the other in the organization. According to Nonaka & Takeuchi (1995), knowledge can be transferred through the following strategies in the comp any: tacit to tacit through socialization, tacit to explicit through a process of externalization, explicit to tacit through a process of internalization as well as explicit to explicit through a process of combination. Tacit knowledge can be transferred to tacit knowledge through the process of socialization. Basically, socialization is a process that loosely describes the way people in an organization are socialised or interact. Through interaction among employees in an organization, knowledge can be transferred from one person to the other. In this case, it is individual to individual where an experienced employee can impart his or her ideas and experience to the other employee who also can capitalise on this wealth of knowledge in his or her operations. Explicit to tacit knowledge can also be transferred through a process of internalization in the organization. Internal structures in the organization are created and these are meant to transform knowledge that is codified into ac tual experience that can help the employees to deal with different situations they may encounter in their operations. This process involves transfer of knowledge from the individual, group as well as organization. This helps to improve the overall performance of the employees as well as the organization a whole. The other strategy is tacit to explicit

Themes Of Landscape And Wilderness In Cinematic Films Essay

Themes Of Landscape And Wilderness In Cinematic Films - Essay Example 2. Examine the scope of landscape and wilderness in films. 3. Highlight the nature of landscape and wilderness as characters within films. Despite the progressive change, which land undergoes, two key predictions can be made about land, especially with regard to the establishment of new landscapes: i.e. landscapes transpire in light of people’s expectations, as well as their previous encounters, or landscapes evolve from a shift in mindset and from a changed connection between the environment, society and self. This means that changes that are embedded on a landscape are not typically similar to changes that are wrought on land. According to Sobieszek, the theme of landscape has undergone a dramatic change since early times, especially between the 1950s and 1980s. It is clear that a relatively new order of landscape has engulfed cinematic films that seem to take hold of the imagination of not only the writer and film director, but the audience, as well. The radical change in the perception of landscape is that from a solid yet permanent view to one that is marred by treachery and transmutation. In essence, differ ent media create new landscapes. For instance, in the film Walkabout of 1971, Roeg offers what can be perceived as a typology that showcases photography of locations such as Australian auk lands in the late 20th century. Roeg embodies a formalist concept by rendering the settings of landscapes devoid of human presence through settings such as deserts, flat horizons, vacant highways and fields (Harper and Rayner, 2010, 71). All these locations convey an essence that is at odds with the echo of Hollywood fictions. This allows films to level the meanings that they are originally meant to convey. Landscape in cinematic films adopts quite a different stance compared to still images, which are frozen depictions of landscape. Landscape in cinematic films incites the feeling of culture and cross-over between popular cinema and photography. Historically, landscape is initially associated with painting, and this is evidenced by the numerous depictions of landscapes in exhibitions and art muse ums around the world. Launched in the seventeenth century, the portrayal of emerging infrastructures of channels, harbours and roads that ran through sheltered country sides illustrates the claim that landscape depiction and description through picture is a product of the shift from feudal to capitalist economies (Harper and Rayner, 2010, 58). This paper argues that landscape facilitates new perceptions and venues of analysis and interpretation of cinematic films. Simply put, landscape emerges when the setting becomes the subject of the cinema rather than an object within the entire cinematic film. When applied to films, landscape enables a variation from plot, characters and psychology towards elements that are rarely taken into account in mainstream film. The main challenge thus becomes the discussion of landscape as a comprehensive expression in its own right, as well as its own agenda in other instances. Landscapes can be appreciated as encompassing numerous interacting ideas, t raditions, as well as inventions rather than something that is either out there or can be fixed on films. This paper will conduct a discussion within the realm of films over the period between the year 1970 and 2009. This is a period marred by a number of uncertainties and upheavals, as well as immense successes in the media industry and especially with regard to films. Through this period, there has been immense focus on film and landscape as avenues of the contested perception of individuals, and how film makers investigate the practices, properties and traditions of global cinema that is